Crane Keeb Kwm
Jan 20, 2024| Nyob rau hauv 10 BC, tus kws kes duab vajtse Roman thaum ub Vitruvius piav txog lub tshuab nqa hauv nws phau ntawv architectural. Cov tshuab zoo li no muaj ib lub mast nrog lub pulley rau saum tus ncej. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub mast yog kho los ntawm ib tug txiv neej hlua, thiab ib tug winch yog siv los rub lub cable hla lub pulley los nqa cov khoom hnyav. Qee lub tshuab hnyav hnyav tuaj yeem siv ob lub masts los ua ib qho herringbone zoo li txav cov khoom hoisted tom qab, tab sis qhov ntau me me thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj heev.
Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua 15th uas Ltalis tau tsim lub jib crane los daws qhov teeb meem no. Hom crane no muaj lub caj npab inclined cantilever nrog lub pulley nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm caj npab, uas tuaj yeem nqa thiab tig. Tab sis kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, txhua yam ntawm kev nqa tshuab siv los ntawm tib neeg tau siv los ntawm tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub zog, thiab tau txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm nqa, kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus rau lig xyoo pua 18th, tom qab British Watt txhim kho thiab tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, nws muab lub zog rau kev nqa tshuab. Xyoo 1805, Glen engineer Lennie tau tsim thawj chav cranes rau London dockyards. Xyoo 1846, Tebchaws Askiv Armstrong tau hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm Newcastle Dockyard rau hauv hydraulic crane.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntauwd cranes tau pib siv hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Crane feem ntau suav nrog hoisting mechanism, kev khiav hauj lwm mechanism, luffing mechanism, slewing mechanism thiab hlau qauv. Lub hoisting mechanism yog qhov yooj yim ua haujlwm mechanism ntawm crane. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev ncua kev kaw lus thiab lub winch, thiab qee qhov kuj siv hydraulic system los nqa thiab txo cov khoom hnyav. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm yog siv los thauj cov khoom hnyav longitudinally thiab horizontally lossis kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm crane. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub cev muaj zog, reducer, nres thiab lub log. Lub tshuab luffing tsuas yog nruab rau ntawm jib-hom cranes. Lub amplitude txo qis thaum lub jib nce thiab nce thaum nws qis dua. Nws muab faib ua ob hom: balanced luffing thiab unbalanced luffing. Lub slewing mechanism yog siv los tig lub boom thiab yog tsim los ntawm ib tug tsav tsheb thiab ib tug slewing txhawb nqa. Cov qauv hlau yog cov pob txha ntawm lub crane. Cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li txuas hniav, booms thiab gantry tuaj yeem yog cov qauv hauv lub thawv, cov qauv truss, lossis cov qauv hauv lub vev xaib, thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem siv cov hlau zoo li kev txhawb nqa.